On April 28, 2025, the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) announced that the University of Pennsylvania violated Title IX by allowing male-to-female transgender student athletes to compete in women’s intercollegiate athletics and use women-only intimate facilities. OCR concluded that doing so denied other women equal athletic opportunities. OCR issued a proposed Resolution Agreement requiring the University to: “(i) issue a statement to the University community stating that the University will comply with Title IX in all of its athletic programs; (ii) restore to all female athletes all individual athletic records, titles, honors, awards or similar recognition for Division I swimming competitions misappropriated by male athletes competing in female categories; and (iii) send a letter to each female athlete whose individual recognition is restored expressing an apology on behalf of the University for allowing her educational experience in athletics to be marred by sex discrimination.” OCR gave the University ten days to accept the resolution or face potential referral to the U.S. Department of Justice for enforcement action.