On May 22, 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) and the U.S. Department of Education OCR announced that Columbia University violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. OCR found that the University acted with deliberate indifference toward student-on-student antisemitic harassment from October 7, 2023, to the present. The findings are based on witness interviews, internal university documents, contemporaneous media reports, and Columbia’s own Task Force on Antisemitism. The two agencies found that Columbia failed to: (1) establish effective reporting and remediation mechanisms for antisemitism until the summer of 2024; (2) follow its own procedures when addressing Jewish students’ complaints; (3) enforce its student misconduct policies in response to antisemitic conduct; (4) investigate or address classroom vandalism involving swastikas and other hate symbols; and (5) enforce protest restrictions on campus since October 7, 2023.